Children of Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)

Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, had three sons. The following are their names: 

1- al-Qasim: This is why the Prophet was given the title "Abû al-Qâsim, i.e. the father of al-Qâsim". His mother was Khadîjah Bint Khuwaylid. al-Qasim was born before the Prophet receives revelation from Allah and died in Mecca shortly after the Prophet received Allah's Message.

2- `Abdullah: He was born and died in Mecca at early age. His mother was Khadîjah Bint Khuwaylid. He was born after the Prophet received the Message and the heavenly revelation from Allah.  

3- Ibrâhîm: He was the youngest of the children of the Prophet. His mother was Mâriyyah, the Coptic (i.e. Egyptian). Ibrâhîm was born in the eighth year after hijrah. He was sixteen months old when he died in Medina (Madînah) during the tenth year of the Hijrah.  Upon hearing the news of his son's death, the Prophet held Ibrâhîm in his hands, and tears flowed from his eyes. He said, “The eyes send their tears and the heart is saddened, but we do not say anything except that which pleases our Lord. Indeed, O Ibrâhîm, we are bereaved by your departure from us.”
Correcting false understanding
There was an eclipse on the day that the Prophet's son Ibrâhîm died. Some superstitious people said that the sun eclipsed because of the young child's death and the Prophet's sadness on that day. The Prophet corrected their understanding. Al-Mughîrah Ibn Shu'bah narrated: On the day of Ibrâhîm's death, the sun eclipsed and the people said that the eclipse was due to the death of Ibrâhîm (the son of the Prophet). Allah's Prophet said, "The sun and the moon are two signs amongst the signs of Allah. They do not eclipse because of someone's death or life. So when you see them, invoke Allah and pray till the eclipse is clear."  Related by Al-Bukhârî and Muslim.

Fatimah az-Zahra Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha

Sayyidah Fatimah az-Zahra Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha was the fourth daughter of the Holy Prophet SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam and Sayyidah Khadija Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha. "Zahra" (having gleaming and luminous face), "Batool" (aloof from the worldly pleasures) and "Tahira" (chaste and modest) are among her exalted titles.
She was an unusually sensitive child of her age. When she was five, she heard that her father had announced his Prophethood. Her mother Sayyidah Khadija Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha explained to her what the responsibilities of a Prophet are. Sayyidah Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha became more closely attached to her father and felt a deep and abiding love for him. She used to accompany him through the narrow streets of Makkatul Mukarrama, visiting the Ka’bah or attending the secret meetings of the early Muslims who had embraced Islam and pledged allegiance to her father. 
Once, she accompanied her father to the Masjid al-Haraam. Sayyiduna Rasoolullah SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam began to pray in front of the Ka’bah. A group of Quraysh chiefs gathered around the Holy Prophet SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam. Uqbah bin Abi Mu’ayt brought the entrails of a slaughtered animal and threw it on the shoulders of the Beloved Habeeb SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam. Sayyidah Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha, a ten year old girl, went up to her father and removed the filth. Then, in a firm and angry voice she lashed out against Abu Jahl and his colleagues. They could not utter a single word. 
After the demise of her mother, Sayyidah Khadija Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha, she felt that she had to give even greater support to her father. She devoted herself to looking after his needs. She was so engrossed in her father’s service that people started calling her “Umm Abiha”, the mother of her father. The Holy Prophet SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam had a special love for Sayyidah Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha.
Sayyiduna Miswar bin Makhramah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha reported that the Holy Prophet SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam said:
“My daughter is part of me. He who disturbs her in fact disturbs me and he who offends her offends me.” [Sahih al-Bukhari, Hadith 3767]
The Holy Prophet SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam also said:
“The best women in the entire world are four: The Virgin Mariyam Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha daughter of Imran and Aasiya Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha the wife of Pharaoh and Khadija Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha Mother of the Believers and Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha, daughter of Muhammad SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam.” [Mustadrak al-Hakim, Vol. 4, Page 262, Hadith 4745]
Sayyidah Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha thus acquired a place of love and esteem in the Beloved Nabi’s SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam heart that was only occupied by his wife Sayyidah Khadija Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha.  She was given the title of “Zahra” which means “The Resplendent One”. That was because of her beaming face, which seemed to radiate light.  She was also called “Batool” because of her purity and asceticism. She spent most of her time in the recitation of the Holy Quraan, performing Salaah and doing other acts of Ibadah. 
Sayyidah Ayesha Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha said:
“I have not seen any one of Allah’s SubHanuhu wa Ta'ala creation resemble the Messenger of Allah SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam more in speech, conversation and manner of sitting than Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha. When the Holy Prophet SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam saw her approaching, he would welcome her, stand up and kiss her, take her by the hand and sit her down in the place where he was sitting.” [al-Adab al-Mufrad, Page 406, Hadith 421]
Sayyidah Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha learnt from her father the manners and gentle speech. She was kind to the poor. She often gave her food to the needy preferring herself to remain hungry. She had no inclination towards the materialistic world. She had no craving for the ornaments of this world or the luxuries and comforts of life. 
Sayyidah Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha was married to Sayyiduna Ali Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha at the beginning of the second year after the Hijra. She was nineteen-year-old and Sayyiduna Ali Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha was about twenty-one. The Holy Prophet SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam himself performed the Nikah. On her marriage, Sayyiduna Rasoolullah SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam is said to have presented Sayyidah Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha and Sayyiduna Ali Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha with a wooden bed intertwined with palm leaves, a velvet coverlet, a leather cushion filled with the leaves of a plant, a sheepskin, a pot, a water-skin and a quern (A primitive hand-operated mill for grinding grain) for grinding grain. 
One day Sayyiduna Ali Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha asked her to go to her father and ask for a servant. Sayyidah Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha came to the Holy Prophet SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam. The Holy Prophet SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam said:
“Shall I not tell you of something better than that which you asked of me? I am telling you the words, which Jibra’eel Alaihis Salam has told me. You should say Subhan-Allah (Glory be to Allah SubHanuhu wa Ta'ala) 33 times, Al-HamduLillah (Praise be to Allah SubHanuhu wa Ta'ala) 33 times and Allahu Akbar (Allah SubHanuhu wa Ta'ala is Great) 34 times.” [Sahih al-Bukhari, Hadith 5362]
Before proceeding on to his Farewell Pilgrimage in Ramadaan, 10 A.H., the Holy Prophet SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam said to Sayyidah Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha:
“The Archangel Jibra’eel Alaihis Salam recited the Qur'an to me and I to him once every year, but this year he has recited it with me twice. I cannot but think that my time has come”. [Sahih al-Bukhari, Hadith 3426]
On his return from the Farewell Pilgrimage, the Holy Prophet SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam became seriously ill.  He was confined to the apartment of his beloved wife Sayyidah Ayesha Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha. When Sayyidah Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha visited her ailing father, Sayyidah Ayesha Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha would leave father and the daughter together. 
Sayyidah Ayesha Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha reported:
“We, the wives of Allah’s Apostle were with him (during his last illness) and none was absent therefrom that Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha, who walked after the style of Allah’s Messenger SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam, came there, and when he saw her he welcomed her saying: ‘You are welcome, my daughter’. He then made her sit on his right side or on his left side. Then he said something secretly to her and she swept bitterly and when he found her (plunged) in grief, he said to her something secretly for the second time and she laughed. I (Ayesha Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha) said to her: ‘Allah’s Messenger SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam has singled you amongst the women of the family for talking to you something secretly and you wept’. When Allah’s Messenger SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam recovered from illness, I said to her: ‘What did he say to you?’ Thereupon, she said: ‘I am not going to disclose the secret of Allah’s Messenger SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam. When the Holy Prophet SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam passed away, I said to her: ‘I adjure you by the right that I have upon you that you should narrate to me what Allah’s Messenger SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam said to you.’ She said: ‘Yes, now I can do that. When he (Prophet SallAllahu Alaihi wa Sallam) talked to me secretly for the first time he informed me that Jibra’il Alaihis Salam was in the habit of reciting the Qur'an along with him once every year, but this year it had been twice and so he perceived his death quite near, so fear Allah SubHanuhu wa Ta'ala and be patient (and he told me) that he would be a befitting forerunner for me and so I wept as you saw me. And when he saw me in grief he talked to me secretly for the second time and said: ‘Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha, are you not pleased that you should be at the head of the believing women or the head of this Ummah?’  I laughed and it was that laughter which you saw.” [Sahih Muslim, Hadith 6467]In another narration, Sayyidah Ayesha Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha reported that when she asked Sayyidah Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha the reasons of her crying and laughing when her father talked to her secretly, she said:
“He informed me secretly of his death and so I cried. He then informed me secretly that I would be the first amongst the members of his family to follow him, so I laughed.” [Sahih al-Bukhari, Hadith 3427 ; Sahih Muslim, Hadith 2450]
This Hadith shows the implicit faith that Sayyidah Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha had in the words of her father. She believed that her father was given the Knowledge of Unseen. She was quite sure that the events would take the same turn as her father had informed her. This Hadith also shows that Sayyidah Fatimah Radi Allahu Ta'ala Anha loved her father more dearly than her husband and children, and her meeting with him in the Hereafter was a source of great comfort and consolation for her.

 

Ruqayya Radiallaho Anha

She was born three years after the birth of zainab (radhiallaho naha) when the Prophet (sallaho alaihi wasallam) was 33. she was married to Utboh son of Abo Lahab, the Prophet's (sallaho alaihi wasallam) uncle but had not yet started living with him when Soorah ' Al-Lahab' was revealed. Abu Lahab called his sons Utbah and Utaiban (to the latter Umm Kulsum, another daughter of the Prophet (sallaho alaihi wasallam) was married, and said to them:
     " Unless you both divorce the daughters of Muhammad, I am not going to see your faces." 

They divorced their wives. Later upon that fall of Mecca utbah embraced Islam. Ruqayyah (radhiallaho anha) after this divorce was married to Usman (radhiallaho anho). The couple emigrated to Abyssinia.
    Since the Prophet (sallaho alaihi wasallam) had announced to Sahabah that he was expecting to receive Allah's cammand for emigration to Medina any time, they started shifting to Medina even before the Prophet's Hijrat. Usman and Ruqayyah had also emigrated to Medina before the Prophet arrived in the town. At the time of 'Badr' Ruqayyah was sick (she died subsequently this sickness) Usman was, to stay in Medina and look after her. The news about the victory in Badr reached Medina when people were returning from Ruqayyah's funeral. The Prophet (sallaho alaihi wasallam) was therefore not present at her burial.

A son was born to Ruqahhay in Abyssinia. He was named Abdullah and lived after his mother but died in 4 A.H. when he was six years old.

Umm Kulthum Radhiallaho Anha

 She was one of the daughters of the Prophet Muhammad and his first wife Khadîjah Bint Khuwaylid. The Prophet married second of his daughters to `Uthmân Ibn `Affân after the death of first, the 3rd rightly guided Caliph of Islam. This is why Uthmân Ibn `Affân was famously known as "Zu an-Nurayîn, i.e. the man of two lights" because he was honored by marrying two daughters of the Prophet Muhammad. The first husband of Umm Kulthûm was `Utaybah Ibn Abû Lahab and her second was `Uthmân Ibn `Affân as previously stated. She died either in 9 AH (630 AD) or around the time of the battle of Badr (624 AD).

Zainab Radiallaho Anha

 She was the eldest daughter of the Prophet (sallaho alaihi wasallam) and was born in the fifth year of his first marriage when he was thirty. She embraced Islam and was married to her cousin Abu-As-bin-Rabi. Her husband also embraced Islam later and joined her in Medina. She had a son Ali, and a daughter (Amamah). Ali died during the life time of the Prophet (sallaho alaihi wasallam). This same Ali was the person who sat with the Prophet (sallaho alaihi wasallam) on th ecamel's back at the time if his triumphant entry into Mecca. Ammah, Zainab's daughter lived long after the death of the Prophet (sallaho alaihi wasallam). Ali (radhiallaho anho) marriad her in the death of Fatima (radhiallaho anha)  his first wife. It is said that fatimah at time of her death had expressed a desire for this union. She had no issue from Ali (radhiallaho anho). After Ali she was again married to Mughirah-bin-Nauful from whom she probably got one son name Yahya. She died in 50 A.H.